OBJECTIVE: To determine if the chronic pain frequently presented by postpolio patients can be relieved by application of magnetic fields applied directly over an identified pain trigger point.
DESIGN: Double-blind randomized clinical trial.
SETTING: The postpolio clinic of a large rehabilitation hospital.
PATIENTS: Fifty patients with diagnosed postpolio syndrome who reported muscular or arthritic-like pain.
INTERVENTION: Application of active or placebo 300 to 500 Gauss magnetic devices to the affected area for 45 minutes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Score on the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Patients who received the active device experienced an average pain score decrease of 4.4 +/- 3.1 (p < .0001) on a 10-point scale. Those with the placebo devices experienced a decrease of 1.1 +/- 1.6 points (p < .005). The proportion of patients in the active-device group who reported a pain score decrease greater than the average placebo effect was 76%, compared with 19% in the placebo-device group (p < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: The application of a device delivering static magnetic fields of 300 to 500 Gauss over a pain trigger point results in significant and prompt relief of pain in postpolio subjects.
(Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1200-3)

• Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA

Magnet Therapy Reduced Fibromyalgia Pain, 

Reports Recent Study ImmuneSupport.com 11-27-2002

Magnet therapy reduced fibromyalgia pain according to a recent [2001] University of Virginia study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. Although the overall results of the study were inconclusive, magnet therapy reduced fibromyalgia pain intensity enough in one group of study participants to be "clinically meaningful," the researchers said.

 

The researchers from the University of Virginia used three measures of pain in the study: functional status reported by study participants on a standardized fibromyalgia questionnaire used nationwide, number of tender points on the body and pain intensity ratings.

 

Data were compiled for 94 fibromyalgia patients randomly divided into four groups.

 

One control group received sham pads containing magnets that had been demagnetized through heat processing. The second control group received only their usual treatment for fibromyalgia.

 

Two other groups received active magnetic pads: one group used Pad A, which provided whole-body exposure to a low, uniformly static magnetic field of negative polarity.

 

The other used Pad B, which exposed subjects to a low static magnetic field that varied spatially and in polarity. The subjects were treated and tracked for six months.

 

"When we compared the groups, we did not find significant statistical differences in most of the outcome measures," said Ann Gill Taylor, R.N., Ed.D., co-investigator for the study, professor of nursing and director and principal investigator of the Center for Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies at the University of Virginia.

 

"However, we did find a statistically significant difference in pain intensity reduction for one of the active magnet pad groups.

 

The two groups that slept on pads with active magnets generally showed the greatest improvements in outcome scores of pain intensity level, number of tender points on the body and functional status after six months."

 

Pad A group exhibited a consistent improvement across all four outcome measures at three and six months.

 

Pad B group showed an improvement in all outcomes at three months, and these improved scores were maintained at six months.

 

The sham pad group and the group receiving only usual care did not exhibit the same improvements.

 

The magnetic fields of the mattresses were tested thoroughly to quantify how much exposure, or dosage, study participants were receiving, the researchers said.

"Finding any positive results in the groups using the magnets was surprising, given how little we know about how magnets work to reduce pain," said the study's principal investigator Dr. Alan P. Alfano, assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation and medical director of the U.Va. HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital.

 

"The results tell us maybe this therapy works, and that maybe more research is justified. You can't draw final conclusions from only one study."

 

"To our knowledge, no other studies on magnet therapy have been done in as rigorous a clinical setting as U.Va., and this study was the largest conducted so far," Taylor said. "Nevertheless, larger studies are needed to find clear answers about magnets' safety and efficacy in treating pain." "Fibromyalgia is a common rheumatological condition for which there is no generally effective treatment," Alfano said. "People who have fibromyalgia try everything and magnetic mattress pads are one of the most popular complementary products they try. We did this study because we hoped to provide some useful information for them.

 

"In the past decade, people in this country have been using magnets for everything from tennis elbow to carpal tunnel syndrome. They want to do something for their pain that doesn't involve medication or injections, and magnets seem relatively benign. But people don't know how to evaluate magnetic products when considering what to buy. There are no standards for magnets yet. So researchers need to find out what dosage, field strength and period of exposure is proper, what side effects may occur and what conditions benefit most," Alfano said.

 

Two other basic science laboratory studies currently underway at U.Va. are investigating the effects of pulsed and static magnetic fields on neural processes and functions and the effects of magnetic fields on microvascular capillary blood flow.

 

The study was conducted with partial support from a grant from the National Institutes of Health Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

May 2003 • Volume 84 • Number 5

Static magnetic field therapy for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy: 
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial  

Weintraub MI, Wolfe GI, Barohn RA, Cole SP, Parry GJ, Hayat G, Cohen JA, Page JC, Bromberg MB, Schwartz SL, and the Magnetic Research Group. Static magnetic field therapy for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:736-46.
Objective: To determine if constant wearing of multipolar, static magnetic (450G) shoe insoles can reduce neuropathic pain and quality of life (QOL) scores in symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
Design: Randomized, placebo-control, parallel study.
Setting: Forty-eight centers in 27 states.
Participants: Three hundred seventy-five subjects with DPN stage II or III were randomly assigned to wear constantly magnetized insoles for 4 months; the placebo group wore similar, unmagnetized device.
Intervention: Nerve conduction and/or quantified sensory testing were performed serially.
Main Outcome Measures: Daily visual analog scale scores for numbness or tingling and burning and QOL issues were tabulated over 4 months. Secondary measures included nerve conduction changes, role of placebo, and safety issues. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and chi-square analysis were performed.
Results: There were statistically significant reductions during the third and fourth months in burning (mean change for magnet treatment, ­12%; for sham, ­3%; P<.05, ANCOVA), numbness and tingling (magnet, ­10%; sham, +1%; P<.05, ANCOVA), and exercise-induced foot pain (magnet, ­12%; sham, ­4%; P<.05, ANCOVA). For a subset of patients with baseline severe pain, statistically significant reductions occurred from baseline through the fourth month in numbness and tingling (magnet, ­32%; sham, ­14%; P<.01, ANOVA) and foot pain (magnet, ­41%; sham, ­21%; P<.01, ANOVA).
Conclusions: Static magnetic fields can penetrate up to 20mm and appear to target the ectopic firing nociceptors in the epidermis and dermis. Analgesic benefits were achieved over time.  

 

From the Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY (Weintraub); University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (Wolfe, Barohn); Research Design Inc, Yorktown Heights, NY (Cole); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (Parry); St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Hayat); Kaiser-Permanente Medical Group, Denver, CO (Cohen); California College of Podiatric Medicine, San Francisco, CA (Page); University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (Bromberg); and Diabetes and Glandular Disease Clinic, San Antonio, TX (Schwartz).

Presented in part at the Joint Conference of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Society of Neurorehabilitation, October 5, 2002, Philadelphia, PA.

No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

Reprint requests to Michael I. Weintraub, MD, Dept of Neurology and Medicine, New York Medical College, 325 S Highland Ave, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510, e-mail: miwneuro@pol.net .

© 2003 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

0003-9993/03/8405-7836$30.00/0

doi:10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00106-0

Recent Studies Magnetic Therapy (senaste studierna/forskningen - Magnetterapi)

 

Following are descriptions of recent studies, published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, on the impact of treatment with magnetic fields on a variety of conditions.

 

Alzheimer's Disease 

This article reports on two Alzheimer's patients who experienced significant improvement in visual memory and drawing performance following the external application of electromagnetic fields ranging from 5 to 8 Hz. Improvements were also seen in other cognitive functions, including spatial orientation, mood, short-term memory, and social interactions.¹
 
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) 

This article reports on three patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who experienced beneficial effects following treatment consisting of three sessions per week of pulsed magnetic fields administered via a Magnobiopulse apparatus. Patients received upwards of 75 total sessions prior to achieving maximum recovery.²
 
Arthritis 

This study examined the effects of low-frequency and constant magnetic fields in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. Low-frequency magnetic fields were shown to produce beneficial effects in patients with both stage I and II rheumatoid arthritis and with osteoarthrosis deformans, especially with respect to the wrists, knees, and ankles.³
 
Bone Fractures 

This study examined the effects of bone grafting and pulsed electromagnetic fields on a group of 83 adults with ununited fractures. Results showed a successful healing rate of 87 percent in the 38 patients originally treated with bone grafts and PEMF for ununited fractures with wide gaps, synovial pseudarthrosis, and malalignment. A healing rate of 93 percent was shown among the 45 patients who had initially been unsuccessfully treated with PEMF alone and had bone-grafting and were re-treated with pulsing electromagnetic fields.⁴

Cancer 

Results of this study found that 20-30 sessions of magnetotherapy administered preoperatively exhibited antitumor effects in patients suffering from lung cancer.⁵
Results of this study proved that the combination of weak pulsed electromagnetic fields with antioxidant supplementation is beneficial in the treatment of patients suffering from tongue cancer, improving speech, pain control, and tolerance to chemotherapy.⁶

Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease 

Results of this study found that the addition of magnetotherapy to the treatment of patients suffering from ischemic heart disease and osteochondrosis led to clinical improvements.⁷

Diabetes 

In this study, 320 diabetics received impulsed magnetic field treatment while 100 diabetics (controls) received conservative therapy alone. Results showed beneficial effects with respect to vascular complications in 74 percent of the patients receiv-ing magnetotherapy combined with conservative methods, compared to a 28-percent effectiveness rate among controls.⁸
This study involving 72 diabetics with purulent wounds found that magnetic fields aided healing significantly.⁹

Epilepsy 

This article reports on the cases of three patients with partial seizures who received treatment with external artificial magnetic fields of low intensity. Such treatment led to a significant attenuation of seizure frequency over a 10-14-month period.¹⁰

Glaucoma 

In this study, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with compensated intraocular pressure were administered magnetotherapy using an ATOS device with 33-mT magnetic field induction. The procedure was administered to a patient in a sitting posture with a magnetic inductor held before the eye. Sessions lasted 10 minutes and each course included 10 sessions. Following 4-5 months of therapy, results showed improved vision acuity 0.16 diopters, on an average of 29 out of 30 eyes with vision acuity below 1.0.¹¹

Hair Loss 

This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on hair loss in men suffering from male pattern baldness. PEMF exposures were administered to the head for 12 minutes and were given weekly or twice weekly over a period of 36 weeks. Results found the PEMF treatment both prevented hair loss and promoted regrowth without side effects.¹²
 
Headache 

Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that the administration of a pulsed magnetic field for less than one hour to headache patients produced significant beneficial effects, as shown subjective patient reports, as well as EEG activity.¹³
 
Hepatitis
Results of this study showed that the use of magnetic fields was effective in treating patients suffering from viral hepatitis who had previously not benefited from conventional drug therapies.¹⁴

Lupus Erythematosus 

This review article examined the data concerning impulsed magnetic fields in the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Studies indicate that the treatment can be beneficial due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, its positive action on microcirculation, and immunological reactivity.¹⁵

Multiple Sclerosis 

This article reports on the case of a 55-year-old female chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patient who received a single external application of low magnetic fields (7.5-picotesla; 5-Hz frequency) which lasted 20 minutes. The treatment quickly led to improvements in a variety of areas, including fatigue, sleep, vision, bladder function, movement and speech problems, and mood.¹⁶

Muscle Injury 

This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (Gyuling-Bordacs device) in patients suffering from peripheral muscle paralysis. Treatment consisted of 20-minute exposures (2-50 Hz, 70 G). Results showed 50-Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields to be the most effective level of treatment and that such therapy enhanced muscle irritability in peripheral paralysis patients as well as in healthy controls.¹⁷

Neck Pain 

This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of low-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields administered via soft collars on patients suffering from persistent neck pain. Results indicated significantly beneficial effects following three weeks of treatment.¹⁸

Nerve Damage 

This controlled study found that exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields enhanced the speed and degree of peripheral nerve regeneration twofold in rats with experimentally severed sciatic nerves.¹⁹

Osteoarthritis 

Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields had beneficial effects in the treatment of patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee or cervical spine. PEMF therapy consisted of 18 exposures lasting 30 minutes and administered 3-5 times per week. ²⁰

Osteoporosis 

This study examined the effects of a 72-Hz pulsating electromagnetic field administered for 10 hours per day over a period of 12 weeks on bone density in women prone to osteoporosis. Results found significant increases in bone mineral density in the area of EMF exposure.²¹

Otitis 

Externa This study examined the effects synchronizing pulse waves in the impaired area when treating patients suffering from acute diffuse otitis externa with low-level magnetic fields in combination with conventional therapies. Patients were divided into 3 groups. The first received ultrahigh-frequency or very-high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The second received 15-minute daily exposures to 50-Hz alternating or pulsating 20-mT magnetic fields. The third group was treated switching on the same magnetic fields only during propagation of the pulse wave through the ear vessels. Results showed a 100 % recovery rate in patients across all 3 groups, with recovery taking the least amount of time among those in group 3.²²

Pancreatitis 

This controlled study examined the effects of combining pulsed electric stimulation and laser light with conventional treatment in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. Results showed the combined therapy to have the most significant effects in patients with severe forms of the disease. ²³

Parkinson's Disease 

This article reports on the case of a medicated 61-year-old Parkinson's patient who experienced rapid reversal of symptoms following a single external application of picotesla-range magnetic fields.²⁴

Pneumonia 

Results of this study showed that magnetic laser therapy decreased the severity of acute respiratory insufficiency and treatment course, and prevented destructive complications in children with infiltrative acute destructive pneumonia between the ages of 1 and 12 years. ²⁵

Psychiatric Disorders 

Noting the well-established dangers associated with electroconvulsive therapy, the author, in this theoretical article, argues that transcranial magnetic stimulation should be looked at as an alternative psychiatric treatment. The author asserts that TMS has several advantages over ECT in that it is painless, noninvasive, and more effective on deep structures of the brain.²⁶

Respiratory Problems 

Results of this study showed that the use of low-frequency magnetic fields helped to prevent and treat critically ill patients suffering from pyoinflammatory bronchopulmonary complications, and to prevent such complications as well.²⁷

Sleep Disorders 

Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that low-energy-emission therapy significantly improved sleeping patterns among patients suffering from chronic psychophysiological insomnia. Therapy was administered 3 times per week, always in late afternoon and for 20 minutes, over a period of 4 weeks.²⁸

Spinal Cord Injury 

Results of this study found that exposure to constant magnetic fields improved healing in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury, and in human patients suffering from spinal cord trauma as well. ²⁹

 
Stroke 

Results of this study demonstrated that treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents coupled with transcerebral magnetic fields proved more effective than either therapy on its own in the treatment of stroke patients during the period of early rehabilitation.³⁰

Tourette's Syndrome 

This article reports on the case of a 6-year-old boy suffering from Tourette's syndrome who experienced improvements in visuoconstructional and visuomotor skills, along with more general symptomatic improvements, following the extracranial application of electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range of intensity. ³¹

Ulcers (Gastric and Duodenal) 

This study compared the effects of traditional drug treatment (TDT) to those of microwave resonance therapy (MRT) in patients suffering from duodenal ulcers. Results indicated the mean hospital stay for patients in the TDT group was approximately 22 days. Throughout this period, ulcers healed in 38% of patients, were reduced in 17%, showed no change in 43%, and increased in 2%. No pain relief was seen in 32%. Contrast, mean discharge time for patients in the MRT group was approximately 12 days. Pain was generally stopped in 3-6 days. Complete healing occurred in 81%, a decrease was seen in 16%, and ulcer size did not change in just 3%. Remission occurred in 98% of such patients.³²

Ulcers (Trophic) 

This review article discusses the theoretical and clinical applications of magnetic field therapy in the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower limbs.³³

Urinary Problems 

In this article, the authors report on their successful use of magnetic-laser therapy in inflammations of the urinary system in a urological clinic setting.³⁴

Wound Healing 

This study examined the effects of static magnetic fields on postoperative wounds in 21 patients undergoing plastic surgery. Magnetic patches ranging in thickness from 1 to 6 mm, and 2450 to 3950 G field strength were administered over the area of operation for a total of 48 hours. Thirteen patients received the magnets after pain or edema had appeared and 8 received them prophylactically. Results showed a decrease in pain, edema, and coloration in approximately 60 percent of patients. Such symptoms disappeared entirely in 75 percent.³⁵

 

Endnotes:

1. R. Sandyk, "Alzheimer's Disease: Improvement of Visual Memory and Visuoconstructive Performance Treatment with Picotesla Range Magnetic Fields," International Journal of Neurosci, 76(3-4), June 1994, p. 185-225.
2. A. Bellosi & R. Berget, "Pulsed Magnetic Fields: A Glimmer of Hope for Patients Suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis," Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.
3. V.D. Grigor'eva, et al., "Therapeutic Application of Low-Frequency and Constant Magnetic Fields in Patients with Osteoarthritis Deformans and Rheumatoid Arthritis," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 4, 1980, p. 29-35.
4. C.A. Bassett, et al., "Treatment of Therapeutically Resistant Non-unions with Bone Grafts and Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields," Journal of Bone Joint Surg, 64(8), October 1982, p. 1214-1220.
5. L.S. Ogorodnikova, et al., "Morphological Criteria of Lung Cancer Regression Under the Effect of Magnetotherapy," Vopr Onkol, 26(1), 1980, p. 28-34.
6. U. Randoll & R.M. Pangan, "Role of Complex Biophysical-Chemical Therapies for Cancer," Bioelectrochem Bioenerg, 27(3), 1992, p. 341-346.
7. M.A. Dudchenko, et al., "The Effect of Combined Treatment with the Use of Magnetotherapy on the Systemic Hemodynamics of Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Spinal Osteochondrosis," Lik Sprava, (5), May 1992, p. 40-43.
8. I.B. Kirillovm, "Magnetotherapy in the Comprehensive Treatment of Vascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus," Klin Med, 74(5),1996, p. 39-41.
9. R.A. Kuliev & R.F. Babaev, "A Magnetic Field in the Combined Treatment of Suppurative Wounds in Diabetes Mellitus," Vestn Khir Im I I Grek, 148(1), January 1992, p. 33-36.
10. R.A. Kuliev, et al., "Treatment of Suppurative Wounds in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Magnetic Field and Laser Irradiation," Khirurgliia, (7-8), 1992, p. 30-33.
11. Bisvas, et al., "Possibilities of Magnetotherapy in Stabilization of Visual Function in Patients with Glaucoma," Vestn Oftalmol, 112(1), Jan.-March 1996, p. 6-8.
12. W.S. Maddin, et al., "The Biological Effects of a Pulsed Electrostatic with Specific Reference to Hair: Electrotrichogenesis," International Journal of Dermatology, 29(6), 1990, p. 446-450.
13. O. Grunner, et al., "Cerebral Use of a Pulsating Magnetic Field in Neuropsychiatry Patients with Long-term Headache," EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Verwandte Geb, 16(4), December 1985, p. 227-230.
14. I.A. Il'inskii, et al., "Experience with the Use of Glucocorticosteroids and Magnetic Fields in the Intensive Therapy of Severe Forms of Viral Hepatitis," Soviet Medicine, 9, 1978, p. 72-74.
15. I.V. Khamaganova, et al., "The Use of a Pulsed Magnetic Field in the Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus," Ter Arkh, 67(10), 1995, p. 84-87.
16. R. Sandyk, "Rapid Normalization of Visual Evoked Potentials picoTesla Range Magnetic Fields in Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis," International Journal of Neurosci, 77(3-4), August 1994, p. 243-259.
17. L. Mecseki, et al., "The Study of the Efficacy of Magnetotherapy in Peripheral Paralysis," Hungarian Symposium on Magnetotherapy, 2nd Symposium, 16-17 May 1987, Szekesfehervar, Hungary, p. 149-158.
18. D. Foley-Nolan, et al., "Low Energy High Frequency (27.12 MHZ) Therapy for Persistent Neck Pain. Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial," Bioelectromagnetics Society, 12th Annual, June 10-14, 1990, San Antonia, TX, p. 73.
19. H. Ito & C.A. Bassett, "Effect of Weak, Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields on Neural Regeneration in the Rat," Clin Orthop, (181), Dec./83, 283-290.
20. D.H. Trock, et al., "The Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Cervical Spine. Report of Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trials," Journal of Rheumatology, 21(10), 1994, p. 1903-1911.
21. F. Tabrah, et al., "Bone Density Changes in Osteoporosis-prone Women Exposed to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs)," Journal of Bone Miner Res, 5(5), May 1990, p. 437-442.
22. V.V. Sunstov, "Treatment of Acute Diffuse Otitis Externa Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields," Vestn Otorinolaringol, 6, 1991, p. 35-38.
23. O.G. Savina, et al., "A Low-Frequency Pulsed Current and a Low-Intensity Laser Radiation in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (2), 1995, p. 39-40.
24. R. Sandyk & R.P. Iacono, "Reversal of Visual Neglect in Parkinson's Disease Treatment with picoTesla Range Magnetic Fields," International Journal of Neurosci, 73(1-2), November 1993, p. 93-107.
25. E.A. Gaidashev, et al., "An Evaluation of the Effect of Magnetic-laser Therapy on External Respiratory Function in Complicated Forms of Acute Pneumonia in Children," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (3), May-June /95, p. 12-14.
26. T. Zyss, "Deep Magnetic Brain Stimulation - The End of Psychiatric Electroshock Therapy?" Medical Hypotheses, 43(2), 1994, p. 69-74.
27. G.A. Mozhaev & IIu Tikhonovskii, "The Prevention & Treatment of Suppurative-inflammatory Complications in the Bronchopulmonary System During Prolonged Artificial Ventilation," Anesteziol Reanimatol, (4), July-Aug./02, p. 47-51.
28. R. Hajdukovic, et al., "Effects of Low Energy Emission Therapy (LEET) on Sleep Structure," First World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 14-19 June 1992, Lake Buena Vista, FL, p. 92.
29. E.V. Tkach, et al., "Characteristics of the Effect of a Constant Electromagnetic Field on Reparative Processes in Spinal Cord Injuries," Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr, 89(5), 1989, p. 41-44.
30. F.E. Gorbunov, et al., "The Effect of Combined Transcerebral Magnetic and Electric Impulse Therapy on the Cerebral and Central Hemodynamic Status of Stroke Patients in the Early Rehabilitation Period," Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, (3), May-June 1996, p. 21-24.
31. R. Sandyk, "Improvement of Right Hemispheric Functions in a Child with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome Weak Electromagnetic Fields," International Journal of Neurosci, 81(3-4), April 1995, p. 199-213.
32. S.S. Dudka, et al., "A Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Drug Therapy and Microwave Resonance Therapy for Ulcerative Disease of the Duodenum," Fundamental and Applied Aspects of the Use of Millimeter Electromagnetic Radiation in Medicine. Abstracts of the 1st All-Union Symposium with International Participation, May 10-13, 1989, Kiev, Ukraine, p. 195-197.
33. Sieron, et al., ³Use of Magnetic Therapy in Treatment of Trophic Leg Ulcers,² Pol Tyg Lek, 46(37-39), September 1991, p. 717-719.
34. O.B. Loran, et al., "Magnetic-laser Therapy in Inflammatory and Posttraumatic Lesions of the Urinary System," Urol Nefrol (Mosk), (5), September-October 1996, p. 10-14.
35. D. Man, et al., "Effect of Permanent Magnetic Field on Postoperative Pain and Wound Healing in Plastic Surgery," Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 June 1997, Bologna, Italy.

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